'In vivo calcium imaging' is a cutting-edge technique in neuroscience, distinct from direct measurement of electrical activity in neurons. Instead, it involves imaging genetically encoded calcium indicators, which act as a proxy for neuronal spiking. The primary advantage of this method is its capability to record from a significantly larger number of neurons – up to 1000 simultaneously – in freely behaving animals.

This technique utilizes a device known as a miniscope (as detailed on miniscope.org) which enables the visualization of neuronal activity. A key feature of the miniscope is its ability to track and identify individual neurons over extended periods, spanning days and weeks. This long-term observation is critical for two main research objectives in your lab:

1. Understanding Neural Coding Over Time: By observing the same neurons across different stages of learning and over time, this method provides unparalleled insights into how neural coding evolves. This is particularly important in studying the mechanisms of learning and memory.

2. Monitoring Neuronal Activity in Alzheimer's Disease: The second significant application of this technique in your lab is monitoring how neuronal activity deteriorates in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. By tracking the same neurons over time, researchers can observe firsthand how Alzheimer's disease affects neural function and connectivity, offering a window into the disease's progression at the cellular level.

Overall, 'in vivo calcium imaging' stands out for its ability to provide a comprehensive and dynamic picture of neuronal activity in the context of behavior and disease, making it an invaluable tool in neuroscience research.